Early Medieval Indian Society Rs Sharma Pdf Download |top| - -

He links the transition to a "social crisis" in the Kali Age, characterized by a decline in long-distance trade, a paucity of metallic coinage, and the decay of urban centers. This forced a shift toward a self-sufficient, agrarian-based economy.

These grants led to the "parcellization of sovereignty," where local landlords—often worse than kings in their tax demands—gained significant political and military autonomy. Early Medieval Indian Society Rs Sharma Pdf Download -

Sharma identifies the widespread practice of kings granting land to brahmanas and officials as the primary driver of social change. This created a new class of landed intermediaries who enjoyed fiscal and administrative rights over the peasantry. He links the transition to a "social crisis"